Introduction Cesarean section (CS) is one of the most common surgical procedures globally, involving delivering of a newborn via surgical incision through the abdominal wall (laparotomy) and then through the uterus (hysterotomy). Worldwide, 21% of births are via CS. This rate has been increasing, with Italy reporting a 31% rate which is above the European […]
Worldwide, 161 million women aged 15 to 49 use as a contraceptive method of copper or levonorgestrel intrauterine device (IUD) [1]. Despite this high number of users and the tendency to promote long-acting contraceptives, currently, the available range is rather limited. Also, few future IUD models are expected (Table 1) [2]. On the other hand, […]
Introduction During reproductive life vaginal discomfort (VD) is frequently claimed by women as a factor worsening their quality of life. VD is mainly induced by vaginal discharges, burning and itching of genitalia, and it represents the primary reason for gynecological consultation, in different medical settings [1]. Causes of VD are recognized under the umbrella diagnosis […]
Introduction First described in 1892 by Breus, massive subchorionic thrombohematoma, commonly known as Breus’ mole, has an incidence of 0.03-0.08%. It is characterized by a significant clot of maternal blood, measuring at least 1 cm, that separates the chorionic plate from the villous chorion [1-7]. Reports suggest that women with heart disease, circulatory disorders, hypertension, […]
Introduction In developed countries, maternal and newborn health is an important indicator of population well-being, and adequate maternal and child nutrition is an integral part of this concept. The early environment, especially its nutritional state, has been shown to influence both mother and child health and disease outcomes throughout life [1–5], with malnutrition in pregnancy […]
Introduction US Paralympic swimmer, Elizabeth Stone once said: “Making the decision to have a child is momentous. It is to decide forever to have your heart go walking around outside your body”. This was true in the past, it is true today and will continue to be true in the future. Much has evolved in […]
Introduction Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) infection can give rise to extrapulmonary TB, accounting for approximately 5% of cases in the female genital tract, as a rare form of pelvic inflammatory disease [1,2]. Clique aqui para introduzir texto.Clique aqui para introduzir texto. It profoundly affects reproductive health, contributing to complications such as tubo-ovarian abscesses, subfertility, and pregnancy […]
Introduction Phyllodes tumor is a fibroepithelial neoplasm with an, incidence that varies from 0.3 to 0.9% of all female breast tumors [1,2]. This tumor presents as a mobile and firm mass, with rapid growth or accelerated growth of a previously stable tumor [3]. From a histological point of view, they are characterized by a foliar […]
Introduction We have been using non-ablative Erbium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Er:YAG) laser in our practice since 2018 with good outcomes in women with pelvic floor dysfunction, noticing that the laser treatment also significantly improves their colorectal anal disorders especially in women with pelvic organ prolapses (POP). According to an analysis of data from 72 randomized patient charts, those […]
Introduction More than 30 years from the first successful oocyte donation (OD) [1], the procedure has become part of the assisted reproductive technique (ART) toolbox, and the demand for oocyte donors is increasing [2]. According to data collected for the European IVF Monitoring Program for the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology, 11,475 OD […]
Introduction Life expectancy for women is increasing progressively worldwide. Mean life expectancy for women in the United States is 80 years, while women who are currently 75 years old can expect 12.4 additional years of life [1]. Life expectancy has also increased for Mexican women, to 80 ± 3.82 years [2,3]. Menopause is defined as […]
Meningiomas are typically benign tumors that arise from arachnoid cells, with the majority being intracranial [1] and predominantly affecting women. These tumors are associated with certain conditions, such as neurofibromatosis and the exposure to ionizing radiation. Since the mid-20th century, a growing body of research has suggested a potential link between the development of […]
Thromboprophylaxis in pregnancy has gained greater relevance in recent years due to changes in the profile of pregnant women, with more advanced maternal age and a higher prevalence of comorbidities, which increase the risk of thromboembolic events. Pregnancy and the puerperium are high-risk periods for the development of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE), a potentially fatal […]
Introduction Skeletal dysplasia represents a diverse group of further than 380 disorders characterized by abnormalities in the growth and development of the cartilage and bone. Among these, achondrogenesis is a severe form of skeletal dysplasia, with type 2, also known as Langer- Saldino type, being a rare and lethal variant [1]. Diagnosis of such conditions […]
Uterine sarcomas (US) are a clinically and histologically heterogeneous group of very rare tumors of mesenchymal origin. They represent approximately 4% of malignant tumors of the uterus and <1% of those of the female genital tract [1]. They are characterized by an aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis. However, prognosis mostly depends on its histological […]
Introduction Ovarian vein thrombosis is a rare condition that most commonly occurs during pregnancy and the puerperium. It complicates approximately 0.01 to 0.18% of all pregnancies [1]. Caesarean section has been found to increase the risk of ovarian vein thrombosis. In a prospective study performed in a single centre between 2004 and 2007, the incidence […]
Introduction Nuchal translucency (NT) is a subcutaneous fluid collection behind the fetal neck that is physiologically present in the first trimester in all fetuses. This measurement is well standardized and so measured by ultrasound between 11+0 and 13+6 weeks of gestation. The association between increased NT and chromosomal abnormalities has been described since 1992 [1-3]. […]
Introduction The gold standard anesthetic method for vaginal natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (vNOTES) hysterectomy is general anesthesia (GA). GA presents risks and side effects such as postoperative pain, nausea and sometimes vomiting, sore throat and attention disorders. GA is also associated with longer hospital stay. Performing this minimally invasive surgery technique under locoregional anesthesia […]
Introduction Perineal scar endometriosis is the presence of endometrial tissue in the superficial perineum. A history of episiotomy, obstetric tear or perianal intervention often associated with curettage is frequently found [1]. It is a very rare entity occurring after only about 0.01% of vaginal deliveries [2]. Episiotomy scar endometriosis is usually diagnosed late due to […]
Introduction The ovary is an organ with a functional capacity limited in time, normally ending around the age of 50, when most women experience natural menopause. The reason for this phenomenon is the depletion of the cellular structures that guarantee the two main functions of the ovary, reproductive and hormonal. These structures, called follicles, are […]