Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus type 56 (HPV-56) is a high-risk oncogenic genotype not included in the nonavalent vaccine and has been associated with cervical, anal, and head and neck cancers. Because FF plays a key role in oocyte maturation, the detection of a high-risk virus within this microenvironment may have implications for fertility and early embryonic development.
Case presentation: We describe the detection of HPV-56 in the follicular fluid of a woman undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART). Molecular analysis revealed HPV-56 exclusively in the FF aspirated from the second ovary according to the predefined retrieval order. The first ovary, aspirated immediately before, tested negative, reducing the likelihood of procedural contamination.
Discussion: Identifying a high-risk oncogenic HPV genotype in a compartment traditionally considered relatively protected challenges current assumptions about viral localization and ovarian vulnerability. Given the established oncogenic potential of HPV-56, its presence in FF warrants further investigation, as it may potentially affect oocyte competence, embryonic development, and ART outcomes.
Conclusion: This novel finding underscores the need for further research into HPV localization beyond the cervix and its possible impact on fertility and ART outcomes.
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