Introduction Tuberculosis is a granulomatous, caseous necrotizing inflammatory disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis [1]. Globally, tuberculosis is the leading infectious cause of death amongst adults [2]. Pulmonary tuberculosis is the most common type. Signs and symptoms of pulmonary tuberculosis typically include, but are not limited to, dry cough, hemoptysis, fever, shortness of breath, weight loss […]
Introduction Ovarian benign tumours are a widespread disease of the women’s reproductive system. There is no consensus on the definition of giant ovarian tumours (GOT), but most authors use the term to refer to masses with a maximum diameter of 15-20 centimetres or cysts reaching above the umbilicus [1]. In recent years, these giant neoformations […]
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) proposed the following definition of chronic pelvic pain: “Non-cyclical pain of at least 6 months duration located in the anatomical pelvis, lumbosacral area, buttocks, abdominal wall anterior or infraumbilical, severe enough to cause functional disability or seek medical attention.” This ailment is currently of utmost importance, first, […]
Introduction In 2020, breast cancer became the most commonly diagnosed cancer type in the world with more than 2.26 million new cases and almost 685,000 deaths worldwide, being the most common cause of cancer death in women, and the fifth overall [1]. For breast cancer patients, chemotherapy (CT) is typically administered after surgery to prevent […]
Introduction Cardiomyopathies of many types, including peripartum, hypertensive, dilated, tako-tsubo disease, toxic cardiomyopathies, and storage illnesses, can occur during or after pregnancy. The diagnostic criteria for peripartum cardiomyopathy listed in the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 2018 Guidelines [1] rely on an echocardiographic determined left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 45% in patients with […]
Introduction With improvement in ultrasound and molecular technology in prenatal diagnosis, more accurate fetal evaluation and genetic options are becoming available for the identification of rare monogenic disorders like Kabuki syndrome (KS). KS (OMIM # 147920) is a rare congenital polymalformative disorder occuring in 1/32,000 live births [1], caused by a pathogenic variant in the […]
Introduction Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) refers to the development of diminished ovarian function in women before the age of 40, mainly in the form of abnormal menstruation (amenorrhea, scanty or frequent periods), elevated gonadotropin levels (FSH >25 IU/L) and fluctuating decreases in estrogen levels [1]. The etiology of POI is complex, with medical factors being […]
Introduction Gender incongruence (GI) is defined as a strong and persistent discordance between the sex assigned at birth and the gender with which a person identifies [1]. Transgender women (TW) are assigned male at birth but identify as women, while transgender men (TM) are assigned female at birth but identify as men. Individuals whose gender […]
Introduction Breast adenomyoepithelioma (AMEB) is an infrequent breast tumor characterized by proliferation of both epithelial and myoepithelial cells, presenting a characteristic biphasic pattern. AMEs are classified as a subtype of epithelial-myoepithelial lesions [1]. The majority of AMEB are benign and have a good prognosis. However, malignant transformation has also been described and can be of […]
Introduction During my undergrad in Earth Science, now some 30 years ago, I enrolled in one of the most memorable courses of my life: Sociology (Technology & Society). Since that time, I have remained fascinated with the intersection of science and society. So, over the past few months, it has become abundantly clear to me […]
Introduction Multiple factors like pelvic surgery, postmenopausal stage, multiple vaginal deliveries, increased body mass index (BMI), connective tissue diseases, and smoking have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pelvic organ descent [1]. Physical examination and imaging are important for the evaluation, staging, and management of pelvic organ prolapse (POP). Abnormal symptoms and prolapse are caused […]
Introduction Over the last decade, studies on sexuality have reported a crisis of desire and a decrease in sexual activity, particularly among young individuals [1]. This can be attributed to the immediacy of experiences that the contemporary generation lives through, which is largely influenced by the prevalence of the internet. The cyberspace has played a […]
On September 2, 2019, the first issue of the European Gynecology & Obstetrics, the official journal of the European Society of Gynecology, was published. To me, the Editor-in-Chief of this journal, nothing matters more than the confidence of our readers in the quality of our published manuscripts, and by quality, I mean above all veracity, […]
Introduction Serum vitamin D, measured as 25-hidroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D), has traditionally been studied in diseases of the bone, such as osteoporosis [1]. However, recently 25-OH-D has been studied in pathologies nonrelated to bone disease, and hipovitaminosis D has been related to more common diseases such as arterial hypertension [2], diabetes [3], vascular disease [4] […]
Introduction Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) has been a source of controversy since its introduction. Firstly, estrogens alone were used, later observing an increased risk of endometrial cancer. Later, it was reported that by associating progesterone endometrial risk was reduced. There was a hormone boom that lasted for a couple of decades, until the Women’s Health […]
Introduction Menopause is the functional failure of the ovaries, which leads to several changes in the functioning of the woman’s body and an increased risk of developing diseases. Among the factors that lead to negative health outcomes resulting from menopause, the reduction in bone mineral density and sarcopenia can result in serious changes in the […]
Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is defined as an involuntary leakage of urine upon effort, physical exertion, sneezing or coughing. It affects 10-39% of the female population. This condition alters the physical, social, emotional and sexual wellbeing of affected women, thus impairing their quality of life. Therefore, an adequate assessment and tailored treatment should be offered. […]
Introduction This study was prompted by the desire of professionals on the Douala Antenatal Diagnostic staff [1] to determine, with a view to prevention, the emotional vulnerability of patients seeking procreation. Infertility is an international public health problem [2]. It is a condition characterized by the failure to establish a clinical pregnancy after 12 months […]
Introduction Infertility is a common reproductive health problem defined as the inability of a couple to conceive after 12 months of sexual intercourse without contraception, or limited reproduction individually or with a partner [1]. It affects approximately 15% of couples of reproductive age [2, 3]. The etiology of infertility is multifactorial, but in one third […]
Introduction Recurrent implantation failures are highly relevant issues in reproductive medicine. Despite the achievements of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) in overcoming infertility, pregnancy rate remains low. According to the European IVF-monitoring Consortium, after IVF clinical pregnancy rate is about 35% [1]. It is recognized that an important reason for implantation failure is associated with insufficient […]