Author: admin

Introduction Gender incongruence (GI) is defined as a strong and persistent discordance between the sex assigned at birth and the gender with which a person identifies [1]. Transgender women (TW) are assigned male at birth but identify as women, while transgender men (TM) are assigned female at birth but identify as men. Individuals whose gender […]

On September 2, 2019, the first issue of the European Gynecology & Obstetrics, the official journal of the European Society of Gynecology, was published. To me, the Editor-in-Chief of this journal, nothing matters more than the confidence of our readers in the quality of our published manuscripts, and by quality, I mean above all veracity, […]

Introduction Women with endometriosis have a higher rate of anxiety symptoms compared to healthy women [1]. This is due to the nature of endometriosis –a chronic gynecological disease frequently associated with chronic pelvic pain and/or infertility– which exposes women to high levels of stress and uncertainty [2]. For this reason, endometriosis is considered a disabling condition that […]

Introduction Infertility is a common reproductive health problem defined as the inability of a couple to conceive after 12 months of sexual intercourse without contraception, or limited reproduction individually or with a partner [1].  It affects approximately 15% of couples of reproductive age [2, 3]. The etiology of infertility is multifactorial, but in one third […]

Introduction Menopause is the functional failure of the ovaries, which leads to several changes in the functioning of the woman’s body and an increased risk of developing diseases. Among the factors that lead to negative health outcomes resulting from menopause, the reduction in bone mineral density and sarcopenia can result in serious changes in the […]

Introduction Serum vitamin D, measured as 25-hidroxy vitamin D (25-OH-D), has traditionally been studied in diseases of the bone, such as osteoporosis [1]. However, recently 25-OH-D has been studied in pathologies nonrelated to bone disease, and hipovitaminosis D has been related to more common diseases such as arterial hypertension [2], diabetes [3], vascular disease [4] […]

Introduction Vaginal microbiota refers to the diverse microbial populations that biologically inhabit the female genital tract and plays a role in the homeostasis of the vaginal environment. The composition of the vaginal microbiota is highly variable among individuals and is influenced by factors including but not limited to diet, sexual activity, and hormonal changes. The […]

Introduction Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) has been a source of controversy since its introduction. Firstly, estrogens alone were used, later observing an increased risk of endometrial cancer. Later, it was reported that by associating progesterone endometrial risk was reduced. There was a hormone boom that lasted for a couple of decades, until the Women’s Health […]

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is defined as an involuntary leakage of urine upon effort, physical exertion, sneezing or coughing. It affects 10-39% of the female population. This condition alters the physical, social, emotional and sexual wellbeing of affected women, thus impairing their quality of life. Therefore, an adequate assessment and tailored treatment should be offered. […]

Introduction Recurrent implantation failures are highly relevant issues in reproductive medicine. Despite the achievements of Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) in overcoming infertility, pregnancy rate remains low. According to the European IVF-monitoring Consortium, after IVF clinical pregnancy rate is about 35% [1]. It is recognized that an important reason for implantation failure is associated with insufficient […]

Introduction This study was prompted by the desire of professionals on the Douala Antenatal Diagnostic staff [1] to determine, with a view to prevention, the emotional vulnerability of patients seeking procreation. Infertility is an international public health problem [2]. It is a condition characterized by the failure to establish a clinical pregnancy after 12 months […]

Introduction According to the World Health Organization (WHO), from 1990, worldwide cesarean section (CS) rates have risen and continue to increase, currently accounting for more than 1 in 5 (21%) of all childbirths. Although CS is recognized as an important way to protect maternal and fetal health, in some critical situations, unnecessary surgical procedures can […]

Introduction  Increasing cesarean section (CS) rates with no obvious benefits for mothers and neonates are of worldwide concern [1,2]. Too many CSs or overuse of CS are sometimes criticized as unnecessary [2]. Women with one previous lower segment transverse CS can be good candidates for trial of vaginal birth [3] and in the majority of […]

Introduction Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a condition that affects many women and is detrimental to their everyday activities, sexual function and quality of life. The etiology of POP is complex and includes several risk factors such as vaginal childbirth, advancing age and increased body mass index. Some studies have also shown a genetic or […]

In the recent years it has become apparent that the scientific community has been trying to provide evidence regarding the efficacy for the use of vaginal lasers as a treatment option in gynecology. Indeed, there has been an increase in the past 5 years of more than the double in the number of publications related […]

Acronyms and abbreviations TVS: Transvaginal sonography;  PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; LR+: Positive likelihood ratio; LR-: Negative likelihood ratio; DOR: Diagnostic odds ratio; ROC: Receiver-operating curve; IR: Institutional Review; MUMS: Mashhad University of Medical Sciences; PPV: Positive predictive value; NPV: Negative predictive value; Apgar score: a scoring system used to assess the […]

Introduction Congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) is a rare disease in which insufficient or deficient secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) causes delayed or non-development of puberty and infertility. It is more common in males by a ratio of five to one [1]. The higher incidence of CHH in men has led to women often being ignored […]

Introduction Placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) disorder is clinically diagnosed when the placenta cannot be separated from the uterus after delivery [1]. This abnormal attachment of the placenta to the myometrium occurs when a defect of the decidua basalis allows the chorionic villi to invade the myometrium [1]. Placental attachment disorders in which the placental villi […]

Introduction Menopause is the physiological phase of women in which functional failure of the ovaries occurs, causing an abrupt drop in estrogen levels and, as a consequence, not only the end of the reproductive period, but also several morphofunctional changes in women [1]. In the menopausal phase, estrogen deficiency alters the normal bone formation cycle, […]

Introduction Craniopharyngiomas are rare brain tumors that usually occur in children and young adults near the hypothalamus and pituitary gland. They are benign and typically do not metastasize to other sites of the brain or the body. Despite this, they can grow and exert pressure on nearby brain structures, including the pituitary gland, optic chiasm, […]